Many women experience changes in their menstrual cycle, abdominal discomfort, or pelvic pain, and may not realize that these signs could be related to a common condition called uterine fibroids. Though the name may sound serious, fibroids are usually non-cancerous and treatable with proper medical care. Understanding what they are, how they develop, and the available treatment options can help women make informed, confident decisions about their health.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are growths that develop in or around the uterus. They are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue, and their size can range from very small, almost invisible to the naked eye, to large masses that can cause the uterus to expand. Fibroids are quite common in women during their reproductive years and often reduce in size after menopause due to hormonal changes.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors and researchers have not identified a single cause of fibroids; however, several factors are known to increase the likelihood of developing them.

1. Hormonal influence: The hormones estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle, appear to encourage fibroid growth. When hormone levels rise, such as during pregnancy, fibroids may grow faster.

2. Genetics: If a woman’s mother or sister has had fibroids, her chances of developing them are higher.

3. Age: Fibroids are most commonly found in women aged 30 to 50.

4. Obesity and lifestyle: Being overweight and having a diet high in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables can slightly raise the risk.

5. Early menstruation: Women who begin their periods at a younger age may be more likely to develop fibroids later in life.

While these factors can increase risk, fibroids can occur even in women who do not have any of these characteristics. Every individual’s situation is unique, and professional medical evaluation is always important.

Common Symptoms

Many women with fibroids experience no symptoms at all. For others, the effects can be noticeable and sometimes uncomfortable. The most common symptoms include:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding: Some women experience longer or heavier periods, sometimes leading to anemia due to blood loss.

• Pelvic pain or pressure: Fibroids can cause a feeling of fullness or pressure in the lower abdomen.

• Frequent urination: Large fibroids may press on the bladder.

• Pain during intercourse: Depending on the fibroid’s position, discomfort may occur.

• Constipation: Pressure on the bowel may make passing stool difficult.

• Back or leg pain: When fibroids press on nearby nerves or muscles, pain can radiate to the lower back or legs.

If any of these symptoms persist, it’s essential to consult the best obstetrics specialist Kulanda, for proper diagnosis. Ignoring the signs may lead to further discomfort and complications.

Diagnosis

Doctors typically diagnose fibroids through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. A pelvic examination can sometimes detect an enlarged or irregularly shaped uterus. To confirm the diagnosis, doctors may use an ultrasound scan, which creates images of the uterus using sound waves. In some cases, an MRI may be done for a clearer view, especially when surgery is being planned.

Treatment Options

Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on their size, number, and how much they affect a woman’s daily life. Here are the most common approaches:

1. Watchful Waiting

If fibroids are small and not causing any symptoms, doctors may recommend regular monitoring rather than immediate treatment. Since fibroids often shrink after menopause, this is sometimes the best option for women nearing that stage.

2. Medication

Certain medicines can help manage symptoms. For example, hormonal treatments may reduce heavy bleeding or help shrink fibroids temporarily. Iron supplements are often suggested if there’s anemia from heavy periods. However, medications usually do not remove fibroids completely.

3. Minimally Invasive Procedures

For women who need more active treatment, minimally invasive options are available. These include:

• Laparoscopic myomectomy: The doctor removes fibroids through small incisions in the abdomen using special instruments. This method offers quicker recovery and less pain compared to open surgery.

• Hysteroscopic myomectomy: Suitable for fibroids inside the uterus, this procedure involves removing them through the vagina without any external cuts.

Consulting the best obstetrics specialist in Kulanada can help determine which procedure suits your condition. They can guide you through each step, explaining the benefits and risks clearly.

4. Surgical Treatment

In cases where fibroids are large or multiple, surgery might be necessary. Options include:

• Abdominal myomectomy: Removing fibroids through a larger incision in the abdomen.

• Hysterectomy: Removing the uterus entirely, usually recommended when other treatments fail or when fibroids cause severe symptoms.

Each treatment plan should be personalized after a thorough discussion between the patient and her doctor.

Conclusion

Uterine fibroids are common and, in most cases, manageable. With the right guidance and medical support, women can continue to lead healthy, active lives. Recognizing symptoms early, maintaining regular checkups, and discussing the best treatment options with a qualified gynaecologist are the keys to effective management. By staying informed and proactive, every woman can take control of her reproductive health with confidence.